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NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Breakfast cereals for children are less healthy than cereals meant for adults, and those marketed the most aggressively to kids have the worst nutritional quality, according to a new analysis of 161 brands.
"The cereal the parent is eating him or herself is probably better than what they're feeding their child," Dr. Marlene B. Schwartz of Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, the lead researcher on the study, told Reuters Health. Schwartz and her colleagues also found that health claims made for kids' cereals were often misleading. Cereals sold as “low fat” or “low sugar” were not lower in calories, as parents might assume, and while brands touted as “whole grain” did have more fiber, they had just as much salt, sugar and fat as other brands and the same calorie content.
The food industry and public health authorities are both encouraging children to eat breakfast, especially ready-to-eat cereals, the researchers note in their report in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association. To compare the nutritional quality of cereals targeted to children and those marketed to adults, Schwartz and her team looked at 161 cereals, 46% of which were marketed to children. A cereal was put in this category if it had a character on the box, toys or games inside, or the company's Web site listed the brand as a children's cereal.
Children's cereals had more sugar, sodium, carbohydrate and calories per gram than non- children's cereals, and less protein and fiber. Sugar accounted for more than one-third of the weight of children's cereals, on average, compared to less than one-quarter of the adult cereals. Thirty-four percent of the kids' cereals met nutrition standards for foods sold in schools, compared to 56% of the non-children's cereals, Schwartz and her colleagues report.
1. What does “those” in paragraph 1 refer to?
"The cereal the parent is eating him or herself is probably better than what they're feeding their child," Dr. Marlene B. Schwartz of Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, the lead researcher on the study, told Reuters Health. Schwartz and her colleagues also found that health claims made for kids' cereals were often misleading. Cereals sold as “low fat” or “low sugar” were not lower in calories, as parents might assume, and while brands touted as “whole grain” did have more fiber, they had just as much salt, sugar and fat as other brands and the same calorie content.
The food industry and public health authorities are both encouraging children to eat breakfast, especially ready-to-eat cereals, the researchers note in their report in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association. To compare the nutritional quality of cereals targeted to children and those marketed to adults, Schwartz and her team looked at 161 cereals, 46% of which were marketed to children. A cereal was put in this category if it had a character on the box, toys or games inside, or the company's Web site listed the brand as a children's cereal.
Children's cereals had more sugar, sodium, carbohydrate and calories per gram than non- children's cereals, and less protein and fiber. Sugar accounted for more than one-third of the weight of children's cereals, on average, compared to less than one-quarter of the adult cereals. Thirty-four percent of the kids' cereals met nutrition standards for foods sold in schools, compared to 56% of the non-children's cereals, Schwartz and her colleagues report.
1. What does “those” in paragraph 1 refer to?
2. The word “touted” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to .
3. Which paragraph is the brief conclusion of the passage?
4. Which of the following is true?
The victory of the small Greek democracy of Athens over the mighty Persian Empire in 490 B.C. is one of the most famous events in history. Darius, king of the Persian Empire, was furious because Athens had interceded for the other Greek city-states in revolt against Persian domination. In anger the king sent an enormous army to defeat Athens. He thought it would take drastic steps to pacify the rebellious part of the empire.
Persia was ruled by one man. In Athens, however, all citizens helped to rule. Ennobled by this participation, Athenians were prepared to die for their city-state. Perhaps this was the secret of the remarkable victory at Marathon, which freed them from Persian rule. On their way to Marathon, the Persians tried to fool some Greek city-states by claiming to have come in peace. The frightened citizens of Delos refused to believe this. Not wanting to abet the conquest of Greece, they fled from their city and did not return until the Persians had left. They were wise, for the Persians next conquered the city of Eritrea and captured its people.
Tiny Athens stood alone against Persia. The Athenian people went to their sanctuaries. There they prayed for deliverance. They asked their gods to expedite their victory. The Athenians refurbished their weapons and moved to the plain of Marathon, where their little band would meet the Persians. At the last moment, soldiers from Plataea reinforced the Athenian troops.
The Athenian army attacked, and Greek citizens fought bravely. The power of the mighty Persians was offset by the love that the Athenians had for their city. Athenians defeated the Persians in both archery and hand combat. Greek soldiers seized Persian ships and burned them, and the Persians fled in terror. Herodotus, a famous historian, reports that 6,400 Persians died, compared to only 192 Athenians.
5. Athens had the other Greek city-states against the Persians.
Persia was ruled by one man. In Athens, however, all citizens helped to rule. Ennobled by this participation, Athenians were prepared to die for their city-state. Perhaps this was the secret of the remarkable victory at Marathon, which freed them from Persian rule. On their way to Marathon, the Persians tried to fool some Greek city-states by claiming to have come in peace. The frightened citizens of Delos refused to believe this. Not wanting to abet the conquest of Greece, they fled from their city and did not return until the Persians had left. They were wise, for the Persians next conquered the city of Eritrea and captured its people.
Tiny Athens stood alone against Persia. The Athenian people went to their sanctuaries. There they prayed for deliverance. They asked their gods to expedite their victory. The Athenians refurbished their weapons and moved to the plain of Marathon, where their little band would meet the Persians. At the last moment, soldiers from Plataea reinforced the Athenian troops.
The Athenian army attacked, and Greek citizens fought bravely. The power of the mighty Persians was offset by the love that the Athenians had for their city. Athenians defeated the Persians in both archery and hand combat. Greek soldiers seized Persian ships and burned them, and the Persians fled in terror. Herodotus, a famous historian, reports that 6,400 Persians died, compared to only 192 Athenians.
5. Athens had the other Greek city-states against the Persians.
6. Darius took drastic steps to the rebellious Athenians.
7. Their participation to the Athenians.
8. The people of Delos did not want to the conquest of Greece.
9. The Athenians were by some soldiers who arrived from Plataea.
10. Research into the dynamics of storms is directed toward improving the ability to predict these events and minimize damage and avoid loss of life.
11. Many problems arose during conference the organizer exhausted trying put them in order
12. The number of missing tourists significantly increased.
13. I'm interested in ...., Do you have other books that I can borrow?
14. Mr. Granger began his speech by thanking Mr. Takase, who him Japanese since his arrival in Tokyo.
15. Doctors became in the drugs from India.
16. Learning a second language fuels children's intelligent and makes their job prospects brighter.
17. Filipinos once rule Bangkok's nightlife, but times and tastes are changing, and the monopolistic hold they once had on the scene seems to be slipping.
18. The more extraordinary thing about language is that one doesn't have to be a genius to set its wheel in motion.
19. You will fall for books, in particularly, if you only find yourself lost in your bedroom.
20. There are hope for the communities and innovators around the world who are going on with the job rather than waiting for the politicians.
21. The culinary history of ……… dates back to Thonburi area, uniquely character cultural display of this little unknown area of Bangkok.
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