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1. We have to look at people in a worse situation and we will feel better about ourselves. We live together on this Earth, so our duty is to love one another and to help other who are suffering.

2. Ratchasuda College, a facility for the disabled in Nakhon Pathom, has introduced a set of daily Buddhist prayers in sign language for hearing–impaired students. According to director, about 15 schools around the country are now enjoying the benefits of this.

3. Forsaking the heavily patrolling Florida Straits, Cubans are increasingly reaching the US by flying to the Dominican Republic and traveling about 65 km by boat to Mona Island.

4. Heavy rain over recent days made it hard for the Khao Ragam Reservoir to hold back water. Excess water had to drain quickly through spillways to prevent damage to the reservoir.

5. King Rama V must have been impressed by ‘Khao Manee’ (White Jewel) cats as he had nine of them. The Khao Manee species are the only species that their eyes radiate two different colors.

6. Munich, Germany, is a cosmopolitan city with an outstanding network of roads, railway and underground trains that make traveling within the city convenience and exciting. Tourists can take trains or self–drive to Austria and Luxembourg, even farther.

7. The new national park, to be called Thi Lo Su National Park, .will take up almost half the area of Umphang Wildlife Sanctuary. The move has raised concerns that the decision can be justified or not.

8. Of more than 350,000 Japanese workers have been retiring annually in recent years but some economists estimate that the number will shoot up to over 500,000 for three years starting next year.

9. Domino's Pizza Inc, which has a presence in 55 countries, aggressively expanding its presence across the globe while adding access to domestic pizza eaters who are out of the current delivery area.

10. People smugglers are turning huge profits in this growing industry, and few are prosecuted. It is very lucrative. It is better than sell illegal drugs.

11. In its last flight, the shuttle Discovery experienced dangerously foam loss, though the chunk was smaller than one that slammed into the shuttle Columbia’s leftwing.

12. Baby–boomers in Japan, defined as those were born between 1947–49, number about seven million. Of that figure, up to four million are salaried employees.

13. Australia’s central bank kept interest rates unchanged at 5.7% as was expected yesterday, although investors assume a hike is more likely than not in the next few months.

14. Malaysian conglomerate YTL Corp has proposed _________ between Kuala Lumpur and Singapore.

15. A woman delivered a premature but healthy baby girl _________ to the eastern Sarawak state on Borneo Island.

16. The company raised the bus fares _________.

17. Rising floodwaters have forced _________ in Trat.

18. A group of editors at Egypt’s main independent newspapers will stage a one strike _________.

19. If North Korea had not launched seven missiles into the Sea of Japan, _________.

20. Tuberculosis is the No 1 chronic infectious disease found among migrant worker in Thailand, _________.

21. The more _________, the more powerful it will become.

22. All of the suspects were released _________.

23. _________, the experiment will be conducted next month.

24. Many chickens of an indigenous breed in Sam Ngam district, Phichit, _________after some chickens in the same area _________of unknown causes.

25. The patient was _________from his hospital room.

Tai Fah was recognized as the first modern department store in Yaowarat, in Bangkok Chinatown. Major products available at its open–air (26) _________ were clothes and home products, a few cosmetics and shoes. Of course, customers could always (27) _________down their prices. A few years later after Tai Fah opened, the Central Group drove the momentum forward with the introduction of a more (28) _________store on Sri Praya Road, in Bangkok In that era, Thai shoppers had started to become (29) _________ to more international magazines, clothes, electrical appliances and cosmetics such as Lancome, Helena Rubinstein, Dunhill, Manhattan and Jockey.
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The Fine Arts Department, under the Ministry of Education, was established by Royal command on March 27, 1911. Its (34) _________is to preserve, conserve, revive, promote, create and disseminate the knowledge, wisdom and culture of the Kingdom. This encompasses many (35) _________––museums, archeological projects, monuments, literature, performing arts, architecture, fine arts, etc. The department also is (36) _________with prevention of the illegal export and import of antiquities. In this matter, the Fine Arts Department closely (37) _________with various Thai government organizations. It receives a lot of cooperation from the Thai public. Almost everyone in Thailand understands that the theft of old Buddhas and carved stone stripped from ancient temples, the looting of our treasures, (38) _________the country's treasures. In order to guard against theft and subsequent sale or export abroad, it is necessary to have all artifacts (39) _________by their owners. Then the list of Thai treasures is (40) _________ into books with detailed physical descriptions and historical background, and these are available to the public. Thailand and Cambodia have an agreement to suppress the smuggling of artifacts from these two countries. The Cambodians are very strict in the protection of their national heritage and Thailand Fine Arts Department has an excellent cooperation with them.

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41. Known locally by its various names (chaiyaphruek, koon and lomlaeng), ratchaphruek was considered an auspicious tree in Thailand in ancient times.

42. In general, young trees are susceptible to insect pests and are often defoliated by caterpillars.

43. As China opens up to the world, public and private English–language schools proliferating.

44. Among countries vulnerable to crimes, South Africa is reported to have the most bewildering rate of murder.

45. The cabinet has commissioned a study to better understand the violent nature of vocational schools and colleges nationwide.

46. Rains pounded Asia the past few weeks, leaving an aftermath of flashfloods and landslides, and many people rendered homeless.

47. North Korea, where key farming regions were hit by heavy flooding in recent weeks, is starting at another food crisis after major aid suppliers suspended rice shipments.

48.We live in an age of contradiction––a world where people from different countries find more in common through a “pop culture” that might have little to do with their indigenous ones.

49. Some developing and underdeveloped countries are ranked as among the world’s most corrupt and the fight to tackle the scourge could be difficult.

50. Australia and France have pledged to help the Philippines to clean up a massive oil spill from a sunken tanker.

Cider is not normally associated with the health–preserving yoga crowd. Such sensitive souls tend to crunch apples with names like Honeycrisp and Royal Gala and leave the fermented juice of Broxwood Foxwhelp and Somerset Redstreak to a hairier variety of human. But hope springs eternal. After the successful rebranding of red wine as a health– enhancing drink a few years ago (at least, if consumed in moderation), Britain’s cidermakers hope that the same thing might come true for their own nectar. The magic word that makes them think this is “phenolics”. Phenolic compounds help give cider its taste, but they also have antioxidant properties. That means they destroy certain sorts of oxygen–rich molecules that have been linked, at least circumstantially, to age–related complaints such as heart disease, neurodegeneration and cancer. Britain’s National Association of Cider Makers has thus sponsored Serena Marks, a researcher at the University of Glasgow, to look into the matter. Ms. Marks’s first task was to measure the phenolic content of 24 types of British cider apple. Encouragingly, she found that all of them contain more phenolic compounds than Golden Delicious, a bland variety of eating apple. Some contain ten times as much. The question is, do those phenolics help cider drinkers? As part of her efforts to find that out, Ms. Marks's freezer is now full of plasma and urine collected from cider enthusiasts. The samples were taken last week from 12 volunteers who went away 50 pounds ($95) richer for having imbibed a cider breakfast after 36 hours without consuming any antioxidant–containing food or drink. These samples should reveal how many of the phenolics found in cider are excreted. They should also give clues as to how the rest are metabolized–in other words, whether they might give any health benefits. In particular, Ms Marks wants to know if the cidrous molecules that make it into the blood are those associated with a reduced likelihood of developing afflictions such as heart disease. If they are, it might mean that there is some truth to the old proverb that an apple a day keeps the doctor away. Provided, of course, that the apple comes in liquid form with wasps floating in it.

51.The first paragraph suggests that currently cider is not considered a/an _________ drink.

52. The phrase “the same thing” (line 6) refers to _________.

53. Which is NOT an apple that is normally consumed fresh?

54. To find out whether cider offers health benefits, Britain’s National Association of Cider Makers has _________.

55. The passage implies all the following EXCEPT _________.

56. The volunteers refrained from consuming any other antioxidant–containing food or drink for 36 hours _________.

57. We can infer that her sponsor hopes Ms. Marks can prove that _________.

58. At present we can conclude that _________.

Koreans take their kimchi very seriously. A fiery side–dish made of cabbage pickled with plenty of chilly and served with every Korean meal including breakfast is the nearest thing to a culinary national treasure. So when South Koreans food–safety watchdog announced last month that parasite eggs had been found in kimchi imported from China, the resulting public revulsion was tinged with indignation at the insult to a national icon. This deepened after officials from the Korea Food and Drug Administration (FDA) speculated that the eggs could have found their way on to the cabbage from human excrement, used as fertilizer. The skirmish promptly threatened to become a full–scale trade war. China listed ten South Korean food products (including, you guessed it, kimchi) bound for the mainland which they said contained parasite eggs as well. It seemed like tit–for–tat—until South Korea's FDA said it too had discovered similar problems in some local kimchi. The threat of a trade spat has now receded but this is not the first scare involving food originating from China. Earlier concerns range from the traces of lead found in Chinese–produced kimchi to the discovery of malachite green, a suspected carcinogen, in fishery products imported from the mainland. But the ballooning volume of trade between China and South Korea means the two neighbours cannot allow disputes over food imports to get out of hand. At stake is around $100 billion–worth of bilateral trade—which matters most to South Korea since China is South Korea’s biggest export market. The two countries have now agreed to co¬operate on improving monitoring and quarantine procedures for traded food. That way, in future, some of the fierier effects of kimchi may be avoided.

59. The author describes kimchi’s flavor as _________.

60. Learning that parasite eggs had been found in kimchi imported from China, South Koreans had many feelings EXCEPT _________.

61. It is implied that China _________.

62. Which does NOT imply a dispute?

63. Which kimchi is NOT mentioned in the passage as having parasite eggs?

64. The passage suggests all of the following EXCEPT_________.

65. The two countries have now agreed to _________.

It is bad enough that the Earth may be experiencing the largest mass extinction since the dinosaurs died out. Almost as bad–at least for science–is that as many as 90% of those species are dying without ever having been recorded. However, a new, rapid method for classifying species may ameliorate the latter problem, and help researchers to get at the question of just how much is being lost. DNA barcoding, a technique proposed last year by Paul Hebert of the University of Geulph, in Ontario, Canada, has just had its first trials, and has passed them with flying colors. It works by examining a particular part of a particular gene that is found in all animal species. The gene in question is called cytochrome c oxidase I (COI). It is easy to study because every cell contains lots of copies of it in simple, easily isolated structures called mitochondria. By contrast, most genes are hidden away in a cell’s nucleus, where they are much harder to get at. Mitochondrial genes also tend to mutate rapidly, so meaningful differences between species build up quickly. And by concentrating on amere part of COI–a section which is 648 genetic “letters” long–Dr. Hebert has simplified the process still further. It is these “letters” that he refers to as the “barcode”. All members of a species would be expected to have similar barcodes. The first trial, just published in an online journal, sought to establish that the results of genetic barcoding agree with those of traditional taxonomy–the labor–intensive process of classifying species by their physical characteristics. In the study, DNA samples from birds classified by traditional taxonomy into 26 species were subjected to the technique. In almost all cases, the two classifications agreed. But Dr. Hebert’s technique went further. It suggested that four of the traditional species are each made up of two closely related species, and should be split. That observation presaged the second study, which explicitly addresses the question of such “cryptic species”. This recently published study examined a butterfly called Astraptes fulgerator, which was first classified in 1775. But there have, for a long time, been doubts about whether Astraptes fulgerator really is a single species, That is because although the adults look similar, the caterpillars vary quite a lot, and also seem to prefer different food plants. Barcoding showed that these suspicions are well– founded. Ten sorts of barcode turned up, suggesting that the butterfly actually consists of at least ten species–and that is only the number from the part of north–western Costa Rica where the specimens tested came from. At the moment, estimates for the number of multicellular species in existence range from 10m to 100m–hence the uncertainty about how fast they are becoming extinct. Barcoding might also let scientists identify hot spots of genetic diversity, and work to protect those areas first.

66. The purpose of the passage is to ___________.

67. The word "ameliorate" (paragraph 1) can be best replaced by ___________.

68. Which of the following is TRUE?

69. The DNA barcode ___________.

70. It can be inferred from the passage that the underlying assumption of Dr. Hebert's method is that ___________.

71. Paragraphs 3 and 4 imply that barcoding ___________.

72. If put into widespread use, barcoding can probably tell ___________.

Earlier this year, the regulators at the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) agreed to consider an unusual new drug, called ATryn, for approval. It was developed to treat patients with hereditary antithrombin deficiency, a condition that leaves them vulnerable to deep–vein thrombosis. ATryn is special as it is a therapeutic protein derived from the milk of a genetically engineered goat; in other words, an animal that is not all goat. The human gene for the protein in question is inserted into a goat’s egg, and to ensure that it is activated only in udder cells, an extra piece of DNA, known as beta–caseine promoter, is added alongside it. Since beta caseine is made only in udders, so is the antithrombin produced in healthy humans. ATryn is merely the first of many potential animal–derived drugs being developed by GEC Biotherapeutics of Framingham, Massachusetts. Female goats are ideal living factories because they are cheap, can be sequestered from other non–transgenic animals, and can produce as much as a kilogram of human protein per year. GEC estimates that it may be able to produce drugs for as little as $1–2 per gram, compared with around $150 using conventional methods. Goats' short gestation period–roughly five months–and the fact that they reach maturity within a year means that a new production line can be developed within 18 months. And increasing production is as simple as breeding more animals. But perhaps the most curious approach to making transgenic–animal–derived medicines is that being taken by Minos BioSystems. While others concentrate on goats, Minos is using flies. A small handful of common house flies can produce billions of offspring. A single fly can lay 500 eggs that hatch into larvae, a biomass factory capable of expressing growth hormone or antibodies which can then be extracted from the larval serum. The set–up cost of producing antibodies using flies would be $20–40m, compared with $200, to $1 billion using conventional methods. It all sounds promising, but the fact remains that medicines derived from transgenic animals are commercially untested. The EMEA’s verdict is expected before the end of the year. Nevertheless, as other proponents of genetically modified crops have learned in recent years, it takes more than just scientific data to convince biotech’s critics that their fear and loathing are misplaced.

73. The passage primarily ___________.

74. The word “it” (paragraph 2) refers to ___________.

75. “vulnerable to” (paragraph 1) can be best replaced by ___________.

76. What makes ATryn so unusual is that it ___________.

77. Goats can be considered perfect transgenic bio–factories because of all of the following EXCEPT that they ___________.

78. Which of the following is TRUE?

79. It is likely that there is cause for concern if physicians treat their patients with medicines made from transgenic–animal–derived proteins because ___________.

80. What is the author’s attitude toward the drugs derived from genetically–engineered animals?

Like it or not, the prospect of being able to use mobile phones on airplanes is inching ever closer. Last week Ryanair, a European low–cost carrier, announced that it would equip its entire fleet of Boeing 737s with small base stations, called picocells, provided by OnAir, a technology company backed by Airbus, Europe's aviation giant. The picocells will use satellite links to allow mobile phones to be used during flight without interfering with ground–based networks. (Such interference, rather than safety concerns, is the primary reason that in–flight use of mobile phones is banned at the moment.) Taking a cut of the resulting revenues will help Ryanair to keep its ticket prices down, according to Michael O’Leary, the firm’s boss. But it is uncertain just how popular, and hence how lucrative, in–flight calling will be. The technical obstacles have been overcome and regulatory approval is expectedsoon–at least in Europe. Regulators are expected to issue guidelines in the next few weeks defining which frequencies can be used and national aviation authorities will start certifying airlines’ installations early next year. OnAir says it expects its technology to be approved in time for Air France to launch in–air calling on an Airbus A318 in the first quarter of 2007. Mobile phones must still surmount social obstacles, however. Will people flock to airlines that offer in–flight calling, or avoid them? And how much will callers be prepared to pay? OnAir, its rival AeroMobile and other firms have conducted a series of surveys in an attempt to find out. According to the latest survey, released by OnAir this week, 80% of airline passengers approve of the idea of being able to use telephones on aircraft, even if they do not plan to do so themselves. Indeed, only 54% of business travelers and 41% of leisure travelers said they would switch their phones on during a flight. One reason is cost: George Cooper, the boss of OnAir, says that at prices above $3 per minute, “demand drops off considerably”, according to the firm’s research. He expects $2.50 per minute to be the norm when services based on his firm’s technology are launched by Air France, Ryanair, bmi and TAP Portugal, But OnAir will then cut its prices by 10% a year for five years, he says.

81. The passage is primarily concerned with ___________.

82. In the passage, all of the following are defined EXCEPT ___________.

83. Passengers are not allowed to use mobile phones during a flight ___________.

84. It can be inferred from the passage that Ryanair ___________.

85. The word "lucrative” (in the second paragraph) is closest in meaning to ___________.

86. It can be concluded from the second paragraph that ___________.

87. Which of the following is NOT true about Air France?

88. The third paragraph suggests that ___________.

89. The last paragraph mainly ___________.

90. The word “considerably” (in the last paragraph) can best be replaced by ___________.

Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research showing that senior women professors in the institute’s school of science had lower salaries and received fewer resources for research than their male counterparts did. Discrimination against female scientists has cropped up elsewhere. One study–conducted in Sweden, of all places–showed that female medical–research scientists had to be twice as good as men to win research grants. These pieces of work, though, were relatively small–scale. Now, a much larger study has found that discrimination plays a role in the pay gap between male and female scientists at British universities. Sara Connolly, a researcher at the University of East Anglia’s school of economics, has been analyzing the results of a survey of over 7,000 scientists and she has just presented her findings at this year’s meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in Norwich. She found that the average pay gap between male and female academics working in science, engineering and technology is around £1,500 ($2,850) a year. That is not, of course, irrefutable proof of discrimination. An alternative hypothesis is that the courses of men’s and women’s lives mean the gap is caused by something else; women taking “career breaks” to have children, for example, and thus rising more slowly through the hierarchy. Unfortunately for that idea, Dr Connolly found that men are also likely to earn more within any given grade of the hierarchy. Male professors, for example, earn over £4,000 a year more than female ones. To prove the point beyond doubt, Dr Connolly worked out how much of the overall pay differential was explained by differences such as seniority, experience and age, and how much was unexplained, and therefore suggestive of discrimination. Explicable differences amounted to 77% of the overall pay gap between the sexes. That still left a substantial 23% gap in pay, which Dr Connolly attributes to discrimination. Besides pay, her study also looked at the “glass–ceiling” effect–namely, that at all stages of a woman’s career she is less likely than her male colleagues to be promoted, Between postdoctoral and lecturer level, men are more likely to be promoted than women are, by a factor of between 1.04 and 2.45. Such differences are bigger at higher grades, with the hardest move of all being for a woman to settle into a professorial chair. Of course, it might be that, at each grade, men do more work than women, to make themselves more eligible for promotion. But that explanation, too, seems to be wrong. Unlike the previous studies, Dr Connolly’s compared the experience of scientists in universities with that of those in other sorts of laboratories. It turns out that female academic researchers face more barriers to promotion, and have a wider gap between their pay and that of their male counterparts, than do their sisters in industry or research institutes independent of universities. Private enterprise, in other words, delivers more equality than the supposedly egalitarian world of academia does.

91. The passage is mainly about___________.

92. The study conducted in Sweden (as cited in the first paragraph) ___________.

93. The second paragraph mainly___________.

94. The word “irrefutable” (in the third paragraph) can best be replaced by___________.

95. The third paragraph primarily___________.

96. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that if women didn’t have to look after their babies, ___________.

97. The fourth paragraph provides some examples of the factors that___________.

98. It can be inferred from the fifth paragraph that “the glass–ceiling effect”.

99. In the final paragraph, egalitarianism at universities___________.

100. Which of the following is the most accurate regarding the pronoun references in the last paragraph?